Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide today. It affects people of all ages and stages of life. It is particularly significant that depression not only severely restricts personal well-being, but also has a considerable impact on the social environment and the world of work.

There are several reasons why depression is so socially relevant:

Prevalence: Millions of people in the United Kingdom suffer from depression that requires treatment, many of them over long periods of time.
Burden of disease: Depression is one of the most common causes of sick leave and early retirement.
Consequences for relatives: Family members and close friends are also severely affected, as the social fabric is impaired.
Economic costs: Treatment, as well as lost working hours and productivity, incur high costs.

These points illustrate that depression extends far beyond the individual and must be considered a challenge for society as a whole.

Typical Symptoms of Depression

The symptoms of depression can vary greatly. Those affected often suffer from persistent low mood, loss of interest and a feeling of inner emptiness. In addition, there are physical complaints such as sleep disorders, loss of appetite or pain without a clear medical cause.

It is particularly important to pay attention to the duration and intensity of the symptoms: only when they persist for several weeks and significantly impair everyday life can depression be said to require treatment.

Depressionen in verschiedenen Lebensphasen – Symptome und Behandlung(4)

Different Causes and Risk Factors

The development of depression can rarely be attributed to a single cause. Rather, it is a complex interplay of various biological, psychological and social factors. These risk factors increase the likelihood of a depressive episode occurring:

Biological factors:
A family history of depression may indicate a genetic predisposition. In addition, changes in brain metabolism, particularly in serotonin and dopamine levels, play a decisive role. Hormonal fluctuations can also increase the risk.

Psychological factors:
Certain personality traits, such as a strong need for harmony or pronounced self-criticism, can increase susceptibility. Traumatic experiences or unresolved conflicts also have a negative effect on mental stability.

Social factors:
Persistent stress in the professional or private sphere, conflicts in relationships or social isolation are among the most common triggers. The loss of loved ones or chronic overload in everyday life can also contribute to depressive episodes.

Physical illnesses:
Chronic pain, cardiovascular disease or neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s can be associated with depression. In many cases, physical complaints further exacerbate the psychological strain.

The combination of several of these risk factors significantly increases the likelihood of developing the condition. It is therefore important to recognise the warning signs early on and seek professional help.

Does this sound familiar? Contact the Verus Bonifatius Hospital for advice.

Depression in Adolescents

Adolescent Depression Symptoms and Warning Signs

Depression in adolescence often manifests itself differently than in adults. While adults tend to complain of sadness or listlessness, adolescents often exhibit behavioural changes that are easily overlooked or misinterpreted. Typical warning signs include withdrawal, a drop in performance at school or sudden irritability.

It is particularly alarming that depression is not uncommon in this age group: according to the German Depression Aid Foundation, around 3–10% of all adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 suffer from depression that requires treatment.

Influence of school, Family and Social Pressure

Young people today are under enormous pressure to perform. Performance requirements at school, fears about the future and conflicts at home or within their peer group can contribute to depression. Social media also plays a role: constantly comparing themselves to others reinforces feelings of inadequacy and leads to reduced self-esteem in some young people.

A stable family environment, on the other hand, can act as a protective factor. Young people who receive emotional support are better equipped to cope with crises.

Psychological Development and Risk Factors

Adolescence is characterised by hormonal changes, the search for identity and the need for independence. These developmental tasks increase susceptibility to mental illness. Young people who have had traumatic experiences at an early age or who come from difficult family backgrounds are particularly at risk.

Treatment of Depression in Adolescence

Early treatment is crucial to avoid long-term consequences. Therapy usually involves several approaches:

Psychotherapy: Talk therapy or cognitive behavioural therapy help to recognise and change negative thought patterns.
Medication: In severe cases, antidepressants can be used, always under the close supervision of specialists.
Social interventions: Support at school and within the family, clear daily structures and positive leisure activities help to regain stability.

With targeted treatment, adolescents can learn to cope with their illness and thus continue to develop healthily.

When parents and children are affected at the same time, special support is needed. You can read more about this in our article.

Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Types: Prenatal and Postnatal Depression

Depression can occur during pregnancy (prenatal) or after the birth of the child (postnatal). The two types differ in terms of when they occur, but the symptoms are often similar.

Prenatal depression: This occurs during pregnancy and is characterised by persistent worries, inner emptiness, sleep disorders and feelings of guilt. Those affected often feel overwhelmed by the responsibilities ahead.
Postnatal depression: This usually begins within the first few months after birth. Typical symptoms include listlessness, deep sadness and difficulty forming an emotional bond with the child.

It is important to clearly distinguish postnatal depression from the so-called ‘baby blues’, which only last a few days and are caused by hormones.

Special Challenges for Expectant and new Mothers

Pregnancy and the early postnatal period are generally considered to be happy times in life. However, when depressive symptoms occur, this creates additional pressure: Affected mothers often feel guilty because they cannot feel the expected joy.

Particular stresses include:

Physical changes: Hormonal changes, lack of sleep and physical complaints have a negative effect on mental health.
High level of responsibility: Concerns about the well-being of the child and the new role as a mother often trigger anxiety.
Social factors: A lack of support from one’s partner or social circle exacerbates the feeling of being overwhelmed.

Depression during this phase of life can not only significantly impair the mother’s well-being, but also affect the child’s development. Early diagnosis and treatment are therefore particularly important.

Learn more about how you can strengthen parent-child relationships.

Depression in Old Age

Depression in Old Age: Symptoms and Causes

Depression in older people is widespread but often goes undiagnosed. Many symptoms are mistakenly attributed to the normal ageing process. Common symptoms include:

Lack of motivation and withdrawal from social contacts
Loss of interest, especially in activities that were previously important
Physical complaints such as pain or sleep disorders
Depressed mood and feelings of worthlessness

There are many causes. In addition to genetic factors, chronic illnesses, the loss of loved ones and the loss of social roles in retirement play a major role.

Role of Loneliness

Loneliness is one of the most significant risk factors for depression in old age. Many older people lose partners or friends and become increasingly isolated as a result. Retirement from working life also often leads to feelings of uselessness. This social void can significantly contribute to the development of depressive symptoms.

Treatment of Depression in Seniors

Depression in old age is easily treatable if it is recognised. The most important approaches include:

Psychotherapy: Specially adapted talk therapies help to develop new perspectives.
Drug therapy: Antidepressants can be useful, but must be carefully dosed in coordination with existing illnesses and medications.
Social activation: Group activities, volunteer work or regular social contacts have a supportive effect.

Especially in old age, it is crucial to consider mental and physical aspects together in order to achieve lasting improvement.

Depressionen in verschiedenen Lebensphasen – Symptome und Behandlung(5)

Treatment Methods at the Verus Bonifatius Hospital

Behavioural therapy: This method helps those affected to recognise negative thought and behaviour patterns and replace them step by step with healthier strategies
Depth psychology therapy: This involves working through unconscious conflicts and inner tensions that can contribute significantly to the development of depression.
Talk therapy: In a safe environment, patients learn to better understand their feelings and develop new solutions for stressful situations.
Family therapy: The aim is to strengthen the family environment, resolve conflicts and promote supportive communication between those involved.
Relaxation & mindfulness: Targeted exercises can reduce stress, alleviate inner turmoil and improve awareness of one’s own body.
Body, art & music therapy: Creative forms of expression provide access to feelings that are difficult to put into words and promote deeper processing.

FAQ

How long does it take to successfully treat depression?

The duration of treatment varies greatly from person to person. While mild depression can improve noticeably after just a few weeks of therapy, more severe cases often require several months to a year. It is crucial that treatment is carried out consistently and reviewed regularly.

Can depression be treated without medication?

Yes, mild and moderate depression in particular can be successfully treated with psychotherapeutic methods, relaxation techniques and supportive measures. In severe cases, however, medication is often an important supplement to reduce the burden of symptoms and make therapy more effective.

What role does exercise play in the treatment of depression?

Regular exercise has a positive effect on the psyche. Sport releases happiness hormones, improves sleep and strengthens self-esteem. Even moderate activities such as walking or light training can help alleviate depressive symptoms and increase general well-being.

Published on: 17.12.2025